Since its independence, proclaimed on January 1, 1804, Haiti has been engaged in a continuous struggle to preserve its sovereignty. Yet, more than two centuries after its birth, the first independent black republic continues to suffer the pressures and influences of foreign powers. From the ransom imposed by France in 1825 to the American occupation from 1915 to 1934, Haitian history is marked by numerous forms of external dominance.

After the fall of the Duvalier dictatorship in 1986, many hoped for the emergence of a truly sovereign state, capable of freely deciding its future. However, between 1986 and 2026, foreign interference has constantly taken on new forms: military interventions, diplomatic pressures, economic conditionalities, influence on elections, and participation in crisis management.